Monosaccharides
A Monosaccharide is used as a primary energy source used in cell metabolism.
- They are single-sugar molecules that include Glucose (Grape sugar and Blood Sugar) and Fructose (Honey and Fruit Juices)
- The comonly occuring monosaccharides contain between three and seven carbon atoms in their carbon chains and, of these, the 6C Hexose sugars occur most frequently.
- All monosaccharides are classified as Reducing Sugars (i.e They can participate in reduction actions)
Disaccharides
A Disaccharide is a double sugar molecule and is used as energy sources and building blocks for larger molecules.
- The type of Disaccharide formed depends on the monomers involved and whether they are formed in their ᾱ or B form.
- Only a fiew disaccharides (Eg. Lactose) are classified as Reducing Sugars Sucrose = ᾱ-Glucose + β-Frucrose (Simple sugar found in plant sap) Maltose = ᾱ-Glucose + ᾱ-Glucose (A product of starch hydrolysis) Lactose = β-Glucose + β-Galactose (Milk Sugar) Cellobiose = β-Glucose + β-Glucose (From Cellulose Hydrolosis) Polysaccharides
A Polysaccharide is a polymer structure made up of repeatinng Monosaccharide and Disaccharide strings.
- A Polysaccharide usually one of 4 things (Cellulose, Starch, Glycogen and Chitin)
Cellulose
- Cellulose is a structural material in plants and is made up of unbranched chains of β-Glucose molecules held together by 1, glycogenic links, as many as 10,000 glucose molecules may be linked together to form a straight chain. Parallel chains become cross-linked with hydrogen bonds and form bundles of 60-70 molecules called microfibrils, cellulose microfibrils are very strong and are major components of the pland cell wall
Carbohydrates
MonosaccharidesA Monosaccharide is used as a primary energy source used in cell metabolism.
- They are single-sugar molecules that include Glucose (Grape sugar and Blood Sugar) and Fructose (Honey and Fruit Juices)
- The comonly occuring monosaccharides contain between three and seven carbon atoms in their carbon chains and, of these, the 6C Hexose sugars occur most frequently.
- All monosaccharides are classified as Reducing Sugars (i.e They can participate in reduction actions)
Disaccharides
A Disaccharide is a double sugar molecule and is used as energy sources and building blocks for larger molecules.
- The type of Disaccharide formed depends on the monomers involved and whether they are formed in their ᾱ or B form.
- Only a fiew disaccharides (Eg. Lactose) are classified as Reducing Sugars
Sucrose = ᾱ-Glucose + β-Frucrose (Simple sugar found in plant sap)
Maltose = ᾱ-Glucose + ᾱ-Glucose (A product of starch hydrolysis)
Lactose = β-Glucose + β-Galactose (Milk Sugar)
Cellobiose = β-Glucose + β-Glucose (From Cellulose Hydrolosis)
Polysaccharides
A Polysaccharide is a polymer structure made up of repeatinng Monosaccharide and Disaccharide strings.
- A Polysaccharide usually one of 4 things (Cellulose, Starch, Glycogen and Chitin)
Cellulose
- Cellulose is a structural material in plants and is made up of unbranched chains of β-Glucose molecules held together by 1, glycogenic links, as many as 10,000 glucose molecules may be linked together to form a straight chain. Parallel chains become cross-linked with hydrogen bonds and form bundles of 60-70 molecules called microfibrils, cellulose microfibrils are very strong and are major components of the pland cell wall
-Starch ()
-Glycogen ()
-Chitin ()